收养子女移民 subclass 102 类别
广义上说，收养（102类别）签证（简称为收养签证）用于使一个孩子以永久移民身份进入澳大利亚，该孩子要么是经由澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构、根据《海牙收养公约》、与其他国家主管机构达成的双边收养协议或其他收养协议等进行收养（或即将被收养），要么是由在澳大利亚境外居住超过12个月的海外澳大利亚公民收养。
仅以非常广义的方式来说，收养（102类别）签证（或称为收养签证）用于使一个孩子以永久移民身份进入澳大利亚，该孩子可能是： 在申请时，由在澳大利亚境外居住超过12个月的海外澳大利亚公民根据私人安排收养的 在不涉及《海牙公约》或《海牙公约》下的双边收养安排的情况下，由澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构参与的收养（或即将被收养） 在涉及《海牙收养公约》或与其他国家主管机构达成的双边收养协议的情况下，由澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构参与的收养（或即将被收养） 在涉及第三国家海牙公约收养（与澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构不涉及收养安排）的情况下，由澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构参与的收养（或即将被收养）
收养签证适用于谁？
简而言之，收养签证是一种永久居留签证，可以由下列情况之一参与的被收养人申请：
在澳大利亚州/地区中央收养机构的参与下，根据《海牙收养公约》进行收养，或与其他国家主管机构达成的双边收养协议或其他收养协议； 由在澳大利亚境外居住超过12个月的海外澳大利亚公民收养。
收养签证的处理时间是多久？
一般情况下，收养签证的处理时间从递交申请开始通常需要1-2年。
获得收养签证后，您可以在澳大利亚停留多长时间？ 如果获得批准，收养签证是一种永久居留签证，允许签证持有人无限期地在澳大利亚停留。
一个孩子是否可以凭收养签证往返澳大利亚？
是的，如果您持有该签证，您可以根据澳大利亚移民局颁发的收养签证的五年旅行期限，在此期限内无限次地往返澳大利亚。
在初始的五年旅行期限后，若您希望继续旅行，您需要申请并获得居民回归签证（RRV），以便作为永久居民重新进入澳大利亚。
您还可以选择成为澳大利亚公民，这样您就无需签证即可进入澳大利亚。
为了确定您的旅行期限何时结束，建议您查看签证权益验证在线系统（VEVO）。
一个孩子在持有收养签证期间是否有资格享受医疗保险福利？
是的，作为收养签证持有人，您有资格加入澳大利亚的公共医疗保健系统，即“医疗保险”。
一个孩子在持有收养签证期间是否可以工作或学习？
是的，您可以在澳大利亚持有收养签证期间工作和学习。
在收养签证中，对于赞助人而言，“settled”是什么意思？
根据《规定》的1.03条款，对于澳大利亚公民、澳大利亚永久居民或合格的新西兰公民来说，“settled”指的是在澳大利亚合法居住的一段合理时间。
收养签证的费用是多少？
收养签证的实际费用将根据个人情况而定。您可以在此处查询政府递交费用的最新费用标准。您还可以参考我们的预估定价指南。其他费用可能适用于翻译、品行评估和/或健康评估等相关费用。
被收养人的家庭成员是否可以包括在这个签证中？
被收养人的家庭成员可以被包括在102类别签证申请中。然而，由于这适用于被收养人的配偶、事实伴侣或依赖子女，在实际情况中很少涉及此类情况。
最近的法律更新
在FCC 的裁定中 Minister for Immigration v Abigail & Anor [2014] FCCA 2532 (6 November 2014) ，彻底断绝了没有政府注册的在1992年4月1日之前的事实收养关系申请子女或父母签证的可能。
申请人成功的用事后追认的民政部门的证明在Mrt胜诉，移民不服Mrt的决定在FCC上诉。FCC 裁定申请人和支持申请人的Mrt 败诉，移民局胜诉。在这个裁定之前，申请收养类子女签证，或者收养子女担保担保养父母是可以通过县级以上民政机关事后出文件追认的。
这个裁定明确要求，在收养的当时，这个关于必须是当时注册的。事后追认不能等同于当时注册。
In the circumstances, it is not surprising that the Tribunal made its decision by reference to the Bureau Certificate. However, contrary to the Tribunal’s ultimate finding of fact, the Bureau Certificate made it plain, on its face, that Ms Liao’s adoption had not been registered. There was no other evidence which suggested that the adoption had been registered and there was no discussion by the Tribunal of any interpretation of art.15 of China’s Adoption Law which would support a reasoned conclusion that the issuance of the Bureau Certificate certifying the relevant history was anything more than that and, in particular, was evidence of a registration which the certificate itself certified had not occurred.
收养子女和父母的关系是通过 以下法律定义组合规定的
reg 1.03 定义的什么叫做child
5.Regulation 1.03 of the Regulations relevantly provides:◦ dependent child, of a person, means the child or stepchild of the person (other than a child who is engaged to be married or has a spouse or de facto partner), being a child who:
(a) has not turned 18…
reg 1.14 定义了收养子女
6.The definition of “child” in s.5CA of the Migration Act 1958 (“Act”) includes someone who is an adopted child within the meaning of the Act. Regulation 1.14A, which defines the term “parent and child”, relevantly provides:◦ 1.14A Parent and child ◾ …
◾ (2) For subsection 5CA (2) of the Act, if a child has been adopted under formal adoption arrangements mentioned in paragraph 1.04 (1) (a) or (b) by a person or persons (the adoptive parent or parents): ◾ (a) the child is taken to be the child of the adoptive parent or parents; and
◾ (b) the child is taken not to be the child of any other person (including a person who had been the child’s parent or adoptive parent before the adoption).
reg 1.04 定义了收养行为的要求包括正式收养和非正式的收养
7.Regulation 1.04 relevantly provides:◦ 1.04 Adoption ◾ (1) A person (in this regulation called the adoptee) is taken to have been adopted by a person (in this regulation called the adopter) if, before the adoptee attained the age of 18 years, the adopter assumed a parental role in relation to the adoptee under: ◾ …
◾ (b) formal adoption arrangements made in accordance with the law of another country, being arrangements under which the persons who were recognised by law as the parents of the adoptee before those arrangements took effect ceased to be so recognised and the adopter became so recognised;（正式的收养） or
◾ (c) other arrangements entered into outside Australia that, under subregulation (2), are taken to be in the nature of adoption.
◾ (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) (c), arrangements are taken to be in the nature of adoption if: ◾ (a) the arrangements were made in accordance with the usual practice, or a recognised custom, in the culture or cultures of the adoptee and the adopter; and
◾ (b) the childparent relationship between the adoptee and the adopter is significantly closer than any such relationship between the adoptee and any other person or persons, having regard to the nature and duration of the arrangements; and
◾ (c) the Minister is satisfied that: ◾ (i) formal adoption of the kind referred to in paragraph (1) (b): ◾ (A) was not available under the law of the place where the arrangements were made; or
◾ (B) was not reasonably practicable in the circumstances; and
非正式收益必须在法律未有明文规定之前，或者在极端情况下无法按照法律执行 （一般来说国家战乱）
◾ (ii) the arrangements have not been contrived to circumvent Australian migration requirements.
中国收养法1992 年规定，收养关系必须在县级以上民政部门注册.
现在如果你们的收养关系没有政府注册，已经这种事实的关系申请澳大利亚签证志杰移民也是无能为力。