开车忘了注册，同一天开车，被多个摄像头拍到，收到多张罚单，这些罚单都要付么？还是只需要付一张就行。
根据 Walsh b Tattersall 这个判例。这这种情况只需要付一张罚单就行。In Walsh v Tattersall ,[5] after surveying a number of authorities, Kirby J enumerated the following indicia of a single offence: the connection of the events in point in time; the similarity of the acts; the physical proximity of the place where the events happen; and the intention of the accused throughout the conduct. The application of those indicia to the facts of any particular case requires a practical judgment to be made. 法官 Kirby J 给出了多次违规能不能只算一次的判断标准。有以下几点
- 这些事件在时间上的联系，这些事件的相似度，这些事件在地点上的相似性，嫌疑人在整个过程中的目的。
所以如果是开一辆没有注册的车上路，这个开车的过程是连续的，都在开车，都是没有注册，嫌疑人的目的都是从A点到B点 或者从A点再返回到A点。所以可以说是同一次违规。只需要付一张罚单就行。
有同学问，如果警察在开车途中截停了，然后开了罚单以后，还继续开回家，又个摄像头拍到了，或者又个另一警察截停了。这样算几次违规呢？
同样的，我们可以Judge Kirby J 的判断标准拿来对照。 这个开车的过程是不连续的，被第一个警察打断了。 所以这个就是2次违规。
同样的道理也可以应用在其他情景中。比如在Garden v Caporn 的判例中，Judge Robert-Smith J 认为：“It cannot be the law that every single blow (or series of blows) in a continuous assault must be charged as a separate assault. That conclusion does not change because each blow causes a different injury to the victim. It may be that in a particular case, the first blow (which perhaps causes a disabling injury) is justified as being in self-defence or provocation but immediately succeeding blows causing further injuries are not. That possible outcome does not dictate the charging of them as separate assaults. ” 如果在伤害案件中，每次捶打都被算为一次伤害犯罪，就算是每次都对受害者造成了不同地方或者不同类型的伤害，也算是一次犯罪。
但是如果在学校把受害者打了一顿，在停车场又打了一顿，这就算是两次犯罪。就像在Wellington v Police 这个判例中, Judge kourakis J 认为的一样。 Whether the evidence discloses one or two offences involves matters of fact and degree. The separation in time, space and circumstances between the force applied in the schoolyard and the force used in the car is too great to permit a finding that there was only one application of force. 学校和停车场在时空上的间隔太大，所以不能把2次伤害算做一次犯罪。